Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease that can kill within
hours if left untreated.
There are
an estimated 3–5 million cholera cases and 100 000–120 000 deaths due to
cholera every year.
Cholera is
an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated
with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Every year, there are an estimated 3–5
million cholera cases and 100 000–120 000 deaths due to cholera. The short
incubation period of two hours to five days, enhances the potentially explosive
pattern of outbreaks.
People with
low immunity – such as malnourished children or people living with HIV – are at
a greater risk of death if infected.
Cholera is
an easily treatable disease. Up to 80% of people can be treated successfully
through prompt administration of oral rehydration salts (WHO/UNICEF ORS
standard sachet). Very severely dehydrated patients require administration of
intravenous fluids. Such patients also require appropriate antibiotics to
diminish the duration of diarrhoea, reduce the volume of rehydration fluids
needed, and shorten the duration of V. cholerae excretion. Mass administration
of antibiotics is not recommended, as it has no effect on the spread of cholera
and contributes to increasing antimicrobial resistance.
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